In the avalanche of research being generated on the human microbiome, it’s important to take a step back and think about the many basic facts of the system that we don’t know anything about. One ...

Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

The Michaelis-Menten equation is used to describe the dynamics of an enzymatic reaction, in which an enzyme interacts with a substrate to generate some product before the enzyme is released. Cells are ...

The enzyme RNA polymerase II transcribes genes into messenger RNA. This process is guided by modifications to the enzyme's ...

Current demand for plastics and chemical raw materials is met through large-scale production of ethylene from fossil fuels.

A new large language model predicts the properties of lasso peptides, natural products of bacteria that have therapeutic potential.

XNAs, synthetic genetic polymers with alternative backbone chemistries not found in nature, are capable of forming XNAzymes, forming an all-artificial parallel to the more familiar—but not necessarily ...

Mimicking natural evolution in a test tube, scientists have devised an enzyme with a unique property that might have been crucial to the origin of life on Earth. Mimicking natural evolution in a test ...