A parametric study reveals more sustainable etch dynamics, chromium mask selectivity, and pathways toward zero-global-warming ...

Physicists are rapidly expanding the traditional menu of matter beyond solids, liquids, gases and plasmas, uncovering exotic phases that behave in ways no classroom diagram ever captured. In the ...

We all know about solids, liquids, and gases from daily life. Plasmas are a more exotic state of matter that most people see only in the form of lightning and the northern lights. Sina Ardalan, on the ...

A proton (far left) from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator at CERN impinges on carbon nuclei (small gray spheres). This produces a shower of various elementary particles, including a ...

This month marks 25 years since scientists first produced a fifth state of matter, which has extraordinary properties totally unlike solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. The achievement garnered a ...

Just as flicking on a flashlight reveals the objects in a dark room, pointing a laser at a cloud of gas can reveal a lot about the atoms and molecules floating in it. Zhili Zhang, a B. Ray Thompson ...