Dynamic equilibrium condition (DEC) is described as a steady-state condition at which the normal wear rate in a machine causes no net gain or loss of particles. The concept of DEC of particles is ...

It has been demonstrated that particles reach a dynamic equilibrium level in normal operating machines. The theory is based on the fact that if particles are generated at a constant rate and are then ...

Thermodynamics is built with the concept of equilibrium states. However, it is less clear how equilibrium thermodynamics emerges through the dynamics that follows the principle of quantum mechanics.

The new model can be used for pollutant traceability analysis in the field of environmental cleaning and nuclear reactor safety A team of researchers explored the resuspension mechanism of deposited ...

Microfluidic particle focusing is essential for diverse biomedical applications. However, conventional inertial focusing techniques are limited by particle size dependency, hindering effective 3D ...